CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Expected Question Paper 2025

Nature and Significance of Management

• Define management and explain its objectives.

• Discuss the importance of management in achieving organizational goals.

• Explain the levels of management and their respective functions.

• Differentiate between management as an art, science, and profession.

• Define Coordination and its importance

Principles of Management

• Describe Fayol's 14 principles of management with examples.

• Most important principles-

  • Scalar chain

  • Unity of command

  • Discipline

  • Unity of Direction

• Explain Taylor's scientific management principles and techniques.

• Compare and contrast the contributions of Fayol and Taylor to management.

Business Environment

• Define business environment and its dimensions.

• Discuss the impact of economic, social, and technological environments on business.

• Discuss the impact of Demonetization

• Explain the concepts of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) and their effects on Indian business.

Planning

• Define planning and its importance in management.

• Merits and Demerits of planning process

• Discuss the steps involved in the planning process.

• Differentiate between single-use and standing plans with examples.

• Advantages and Limitations of Planning

Organising

• Explain the concept and importance of organizing.

• Describe the steps involved in the organizing process.

• Differentiate between formal and informal organizations.

• Discuss various types of organizational structures.

• Functional and divisional structure.

• Delegation and decentralisation.

Staffing

• Define staffing and its significance in management.

• Explain the steps involved in the staffing process.

• Discuss various internal and external sources of recruitment.

• Describe different methods of training and development.

Directing

• Define directing and its importance in management.

• Financial and Non-financial incentives

• Discuss the elements of directing: supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication.

• Difference between Formal and Informal communication

• Define Maslow's need hierarchy theory

• Barriers to communication and their types

• Explain various leadership styles with examples.

• Describe different theories of motivation.

Controlling

• Define controlling and its significance in management.

• Explain the steps involved in the controlling process.

• Difference between Critical point control and management by exception.

• Discuss the relationship between planning and controlling.

• Describe various techniques of managerial control.

Financial Management

• Discuss the importance of financial planning.

• Explain the factors affecting capital structure decisions.

• Explain Factors affecting Dividend and Financing decisions.

• Factor affecting working capital

• Describe various types of financial decisions.

Financial Markets

• Define financial markets and their functions.

• Differentiate between money market and capital market.

• Differentiate between primary and secondary market.

• Explain the role and functions of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

• Discuss various types of financial instruments.

• Trading procedure in a stock exchange.

Marketing Management

• Define marketing and its importance in business.

• Discuss the marketing mix elements: product, price, place, and promotion.

• Factors affecting price.

• Difference between Advertising and personal selling

• Explain various pricing strategies with examples.

• Describe different channels of distribution.

Consumer Protection

• Define consumer protection and its significance.

• Discuss the rights and responsibilities of consumers.

• Remedies available to the consumers.

• Explain the redressal mechanism under the Consumer Protection Act.

• Describe various consumer organizations and their roles.