ISC Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2025-26 - ISC 12th Sociology Syllabus Download PDF

(i) Definition and features of Social Institutions. Self explanatory.

(ii) Types of Social Institutions: Kinship, Marriage and Family

The definition of kinship, Consanguineous and affinal kinship are two different types. Primary, secondary, and tertiary kinship; matrilineal and patrilineal descent; and matrilocal, patrilocal, and avunculocal residency Discuss kinship terminology that are used to describe and classify kinship, including avoidance, humorous relationships, teknonymy, avunculate, amitate, and couvade.

Definition, merits, demerits, functions of the following:

• Exogamy and endogamy (clan, gotra, pravara, village, and sapinda), parallel and cross cousins, levirate, sororate, hypergamy, and hypogamy are among the rules of marriage.

• Polygamy (polyandry and polygyny), monogamy are two types of marriage.

Family: definition and features (MacIver’s features); Functions of family to be discussed explaining the reasons for its universal existence.

Types of family: consanguineous and conjugal family (family of origin and procreation), matriarchal and patriarchal family (matripotestal, patripotestal and avuncupotestal), nuclear and joint families.

(i) The definition of religion and ideas of superstition, superstition, and taboo.

Definitions and an introduction to each of the aforementioned concepts. Religion and science: their differences and similarities.

(ii) Religious doctrines like totemism, animism, and naturism.

A brief examination of functional theories (Malinowski, Radcliffe Brown, and Durkhiem) with animism, naturism, and totemism.

iii) Functions and dysfunctions of religion.

A brief discussion on the positive and negative functions of religion.

(iv) Social control and morality.

Relationship between religion, morality, and social control; definition of morality and social control; moral and religious codes.

Political structure and its function in bringing about social change.

Discuss the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, Bal Panchayats, the definition of a political organization, Panchayati Raj, and the role that each plays in the empowerment of women and children.

(i) Economic Organisation

Economic structure, economics, and free goods are defined.

Food gathering, agriculture, shifting axe farming, handicrafts, pastoralism, and industrial labor are some of the Indian tribes' economies.

Indian tribes' economies consist of: (i) food gathering; (ii) agriculture: shifting axe cultivation (jhum, dahi, koman, penda, podu, and bewar), criticism of this type of cultivation, examples of tribes engaging in this practice; (iii) handicraft making; (iv) pastoralism; and (v) industrial labor, which includes the migration of numerous Santhal, Kond, and Gond to tea gardens in the north-east; abundant

(iii) Rural employment, the Jajmani system, and the agrarian economy.

Land relations: owner, renter, and share cropper in an agrarian economy. Jajmani system: exchange of services and caste-based employment. A quick explanation of MGNREGA and its effects.

(iv) Traditional Markets

To be discussed with respect to Weekly markets, barter exchange.

(i) Definition of tribe, features.

Definition of a tribe and its characteristics, including its unity and self-sufficiency, clan and family, shared totemic ancestor, territory, occupation, endogamy, dormitories, language, common culture, common name, shared religion, political organization, and territory.

(ii) Tribal Indian dormitories

Definition; history of dormitories; characteristics and purposes; interaction and transformation of cultures in dormitories.

(iii) Present conditions, problems and solutions.

Conditions and issues in the areas of economics, politics (regionalism and separatist), social issues, and culture.

Discuss the following government of India policies towards the advancement of the Indian tribes in brief (post-independence): Important constitutional protections for the tribal Panchsheel: key Committees and Commissions: Commission for Backward Classes; Special Central Assistance; Economic initiatives and resources: Large Sized Multi-Purpose Cooperative Societies (LAMPS), the 20 Point Programme, the Programme for Encouragement in Crafts, Home Industries, and Agriculture, and Educational Policies are some of the programs that promote rural development.

(i) The components of social stratification.

What social stratification, characteristics, inequality, and difference mean.

(ii) Class: The nature, history, and several classes that make up the class system.

Briefly describe the evolution and characteristics of the various classes (lower, middle, upper).

(iii) Caste: Definition, history, comparison of castes and classes, and characteristics of the caste system.

Definition, divine origin theory, and caste traits.

Only definitions of social mobility, brahminization, and westernization are provided.

(iv) Gender: The distinction between gender and sex, patriarchal ideology, and the position of women in independent India.

The distinction between gender and sex, gender bias, and its effects on men and women in the workplace, on property rights, and in terms of family status.

Gender-related problems include female infanticide, foeticide, dowry, sati, child marriage, domestic violence, rape, widowhood, and sexual harassment, as well as women who use violence as a form of self-defense.

Social Change and Development

(i) Social Development and Change

Social change and development definition: characteristics and sources.

(ii) Developmental Elements

Definitions and their impact on societal transformation of industrialization, urbanization, modernisation, globalization, and sustainable development.

the connection between social change and development, with a focus on ecological and environmental challenges for enhancing both present and future generations' quality of life.

(iii) Social movements: their objectives, causes, and social implications.

(iv) Role of Education in creating Social change.

The purpose and role of education. Insist on the importance of education in bringing about social transformation. To briefly examine the Right to Education (RTE) and its ramifications.

(v) Role of Mass Media in creating Social change

The function of mass media (print, electronic, and audiovisual; pros and cons of mass media). Knowing how each of the aforementioned mass media outlets contributes to social change and how to use them to build a civil society that challenges the bureaucracy and authoritarianism of the state apparatus through vigils, NGO activities, and actions like the Right to Information (RTI).

2. Statement of Purpose – 2 Marks

3. Research Question – 2 Marks

4. Methodology – 3 Marks

5. Data Analysis – 4 Marks

6. Conclusion – 2 Marks

Viva – based on the project work ( 05 Marks)